Introduction to Azure Virtual Networks: Learning Objectives and Step-by-Step Process

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Introduction to Azure Virtual Networks: Learning Objectives and Step-by-Step Process


Azure Virtual Networks (VNets) are one of the core building blocks of Azure's networking platform. They provide a secure, isolated environment for your Azure resources to communicate with each other, with on-premises resources, and the internet.

In this module, you will learn how to implement, configure, design, and troubleshoot key aspects of Azure Virtual Networks. Below is a detailed step-by-step description of each learning objective.

Learning Objectives

At the end of this you will be able to do the following by your Own:

  1. Implement virtual networks.
  2. Configure public IP services.
  3. Design and implement name resolution.
  4. Design and implement cross-VNet connectivity.
  5. Implement virtual network routing.
  6. Design and implement an Azure Virtual Network NAT.

Let's break down each of these objectives with detailed steps.

1. Implement Virtual Networks

A Virtual Network (VNet) is a logical representation of a network in Azure. You create VNets to deploy and manage Azure resources.

Step-by-Step: Implementing a Virtual Network

  1. Sign in to Azure Portal:

  2. Create a Virtual Network:

    • In the Azure portal, search for Virtual networks in the search bar.
    • Click on Create to create a new VNet.
    • Fill in the following fields:
      • Subscription: Select the appropriate subscription.
      • Resource Group: Choose an existing resource group or create a new one.
      • Name: Provide a name for your VNet.
      • Region: Select the region where the VNet will be created.
    • Click Next to configure the Address space (IP ranges).

  3. Configure Address Space:

    • Specify the IP address range for your VNet (e.g., 10.0.0.0/16).
    • Click Next to configure Subnets.

  4. Configure Subnets:

    • Add subnets within the VNet (e.g., one for frontend and one for backend).
    • Specify the subnet name and IP range for each subnet (e.g., 10.0.1.0/24 for frontend).
    • Click Next and review the configuration.

  5. Review and Create:

    • Review your settings.
    • Click Create to deploy the VNet.

2. Configure Public IP Services

A public IP address is needed if you want your Azure resources to be accessible from the internet.

Step-by-Step: Configuring Public IP

  1. Go to the Azure Portal and search for Public IP addresses.
  2. Click Create.
  3. Fill in the fields:
    • Subscription: Select your subscription.
    • Resource Group: Choose an existing resource group or create a new one.
    • Name: Enter a name for your public IP address.
    • IP version: Select IPv4 or IPv6.
    • SKU: Choose Basic or Standard (depending on your needs).
  4. Under Assignment, choose Static or Dynamic. A static IP does not change, while a dynamic IP may change after reboots.
  5. Click Review + Create, then click Create to finalize the public IP setup.

3. Design and Implement Name Resolution

Azure provides a few options for DNS resolution, including Azure DNS, custom DNS servers, and Azure-provided DNS.

Step-by-Step: Implementing DNS in Azure

  1. Navigate to Virtual Networks in the Azure portal.
  2. Select your VNet and go to the DNS servers section.
  3. Choose one of the following options:
    • Azure-provided DNS: Automatically uses Azure’s DNS server.
    • Custom DNS: Use your own DNS servers.
  4. If using Custom DNS, enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers (e.g., on-premises DNS or a third-party DNS provider).
  5. Click Save to apply the DNS configuration.

4. Design and Implement Cross-VNet Connectivity

When you need VNets in different regions or subscriptions to communicate, you implement VNet Peering or VPN Gateway.

Step-by-Step: Configuring VNet Peering

  1. Go to Virtual Networks and select one of the VNets you want to peer.
  2. In the Settings section, select Peerings and click + Add.
  3. Fill in the details:
    • Peering link name: Choose a name for the peering.
    • Peering with: Select the VNet to peer with.
    • Enable Allow Virtual Network Access and Allow Gateway Transit if needed.
  4. Click Add to create the peering.
  5. Repeat for the second VNet to establish bi-directional communication.

5. Implement Virtual Network Routing

Azure Virtual Networks support different types of routing, including system routes and user-defined routes (UDRs).

Step-by-Step: Configuring User-Defined Routes (UDR)

  1. Navigate to the Virtual Network and select Subnets.
  2. Select the subnet where you want to apply the UDR.
  3. In the Route Table section, click + Add.
  4. Fill in the routing details:
    • Route Name: Enter a name for the route.
    • Address Prefix: The destination IP range (e.g., 10.0.0.0/24).
    • Next Hop Type: Choose the type of route (e.g., Virtual Network Gateway for VPN or Internet for public traffic).
    • Next Hop Address: Provide the IP address if needed.
  5. Click Save to apply the route.

6. Design and Implement an Azure Virtual Network NAT (Network Address Translation)

NAT allows private IPs in a VNet to access the internet using a public IP address. This is often used in situations where outbound connectivity to the internet is required.

Step-by-Step: Configuring Azure Virtual Network NAT

  1. Go to the Azure Portal and search for NAT gateways.
  2. Click Create to create a new NAT gateway.
  3. Fill in the following details:
    • Subscription: Select your subscription.
    • Resource Group: Choose an existing resource group.
    • Name: Name your NAT gateway.
    • Region: Select the region.
  4. Under Public IP Address, select + New to create a new public IP or use an existing one.
  5. Choose Subnet where you want to associate the NAT gateway.
  6. Click Review + Create, then click Create to deploy the NAT gateway.
  7. To configure your VM or other resources to use NAT, navigate to the Subnet settings and associate the subnet with the NAT gateway.

Conclusion

In this module, we’ve covered the following key objectives and their detailed steps:

  1. Implementing Virtual Networks: Creating and configuring VNets to organize your Azure resources.
  2. Configuring Public IP Services: Assigning static or dynamic public IPs to your resources.
  3. Designing Name Resolution: Configuring DNS for your Azure network.
  4. Designing Cross-VNet Connectivity: Enabling communication between different VNets using peering.
  5. Implementing Virtual Network Routing: Managing network traffic with system and user-defined routes.
  6. Configuring Azure Virtual Network NAT: Enabling outbound internet access from a private subnet.

By following these steps, you can set up and manage a variety of networking scenarios in Azure, ensuring secure and reliable communication between resources.

This process ensures that IT professionals new to Azure can implement and manage networking features efficiently.

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